Poly (lactic acid), also known as poly (lactide), is a polyester polymer polymerized with lactic acid as the main raw material, and is a new type of biodegradable material.
Polylactic acid has good thermal stability, processing temperature of 170~230 ºC, good solvent resistance, and can be processed in many ways, such as extrusion, spinning, biaxial stretching, injection blow molding. In addition to biodegradation, the products made from polylactic acid have good biocompatibility, glossiness, transparency, handle and heat resistance.
1. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a new type of biodegradable material, which is made from starch raw materials proposed by renewable plant resources (such as corn). Glucose is obtained from starch raw material through saccharification, and then glucose and certain bacteria are fermented to produce high-purity lactic acid, and then polylactic acid with certain molecular weight is synthesized by chemical synthesis. It has good biodegradability. After use, it can be completely degraded by microorganisms in nature, and eventually generate carbon dioxide and water, which will not pollute the environment. This is very beneficial to environmental protection and is recognized as environmentally friendly material. The treatment method of ordinary plastics is still burning and cremation, which causes a large amount of greenhouse gases to be discharged into the air, while polylactic acid plastics are buried in the soil for degradation, and the carbon dioxide generated directly enters the soil organic matter or is absorbed by plants, which will not be discharged into the air and will not cause greenhouse effect.
2. Good mechanical and physical properties. Poly (lactic acid) is suitable for various processing methods such as blow molding and thermoplastic. It is easy to process and widely used. It can be used to process all kinds of plastic products from industry to civil use, packaged food, fast food lunch boxes, non-woven fabrics, industrial and civil fabrics. Then it can be processed into agricultural fabrics, health care fabrics, rags, sanitary products, outdoor anti-ultraviolet fabrics, tent fabrics, floor mats and so on. The market prospect is very promising.
3. Good compatibility and degradability. Polylactic acid is also widely used in the field of medicine, such as disposable infusion devices, detachable surgical sutures, etc., and low-molecular polylactic acid is used as drug release packaging agent.
4. In addition to the basic characteristics of biodegradable plastics, polylactic acid (PLA) also has its own unique characteristics. The strength, transparency and resistance to climate change of traditional biodegradable plastics are not as good as those of ordinary plastics.
5. The basic physical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and petrochemical synthetic plastics are similar, that is, it can be widely used to manufacture various application products. Poly (lactic acid) also has good gloss and transparency, which is equivalent to the film made of polystyrene and cannot be provided by other biodegradable products.
6. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) has the best tensile strength and ductility. PLA can also be produced by various common processing methods, such as melt extrusion molding, injection molding, blow molding, foam molding and vacuum molding. It has similar forming conditions with widely used polymers. In addition, it also has the same printing properties as traditional films. In this way, polylactic acid can be made into various application products according to the needs of different industries.
7. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) film has good air permeability, oxygen permeability and carbon dioxide permeability. It also has the characteristics of odor isolation. Virus and mold are easy to attach to the surface of biodegradable plastic, so there are doubts about safety and health. However, polylactic acid is the only biodegradable plastic with excellent antibacterial and anti-mold properties.
8. When polylactic acid (PLA) is incinerated, its combustion heat value is the same as that of paper, which is half of that of traditional plastics (such as polyethylene), and the incineration of PLA will never release toxic gases such as nitrogen and sulfide. The human body also contains lactic acid in the form of monomer, which indicates the safety of this decomposable product.
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